. Peas. floating seeds for (seed) dispersal (carried on water) / reduce competition (from parent) . 6.2 to explain the advantages of using predators, such as spiders, to control brown plant . Development of the seed and fruit Fruits aid seed dispersal The ovary wall becomes either a dry or . Assessment Objective Weighting A Knowledge with Understanding 50% (not more than 25% recall) B Handling Information and Problem Solving 30% C Experimental Skills and Investigations 20% 3. [1 mark] 1. i) A plumule; B cotyledon, C testa (seed coat) ii) X on any part of the cotyledon. 2. It has hooks to hook onto the fur of animals. Advantages of Asexual Reproduction Only one parent is needed. IGCSE Paper Type (Extended) Theory Paper www.igexams.com. International GCSE in Biology (0610) to this qualification 4 Section B: Assessment 7 . 8. Some seeds are transported by the wind and are shaped to float, glide or spin through the air. Rhubarb. Answer (1 of 4): Seed dispersal is essential for plants as it improves the chances of the seeds being able to grow to the adult stage. Development of the seed and fruit Tissues of the ovary (and sometimes the receptacle) become the fruit. Breeding Stock. Describe one method of seed dispersal that does not require animals. It is the production of genetically identical offspring from one parent. . 3.1 shows some of the structures present in the human thorax (chest). 1. Use the information in Fig. Edexcel-igcse-biology-revision-notes 7/15 Downloaded From Test.classygroundcovers.com On May 17, 2021 By Guest Larkcom 2017-05-26 Provide Your Students With Complete Coverage Of Th 5th, 2022 Edexcel Igcse 9- 1 Biology Notes Pdf enable plants to colonise new and favourable habitats. Circulatory system. Asexual reproduction in bacteria : Bacteria are unicellular microscopic organisms. What is the correct sequence for events after pollination? A piece of cotton is held by the hairpin The seed contains a limited store of carbohydrate and lipid, which it uses as a fuel for respiration to provide the energy for growth. It uses continuous culture. years, the ADA's Council on Dental Benefits has fielded questions . 6.2 to explain the advantages of using predators, such as spiders, to control brown plant hoppers. The hyphae are processed to give a meat like texture. COMBINED SCIENCE 0653 IGCSE 2010 ASSESSMENT All candidates must enter for three Papers. Short-day plants - require less than 12 hours of daylight to flower and seed. 1 (a) Define the term enzyme. 2. Ballistic seed dispersal. By dispersing their seeds plants ensure. Nucleus of pollen grain travels down pollen tube 6. wind. The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs, whilst the left ventricle, with its thicker muscular wall, pumps blood to the remaining body. [2] (d) State two environmental conditions that seeds require so that they can germinate. These methods are wind dispersal and animal dispersal. STUDY. This shoots the seeds sort of like the pellets from a shotgun. Although seeds of plants that grow in water are obviously spread by water, there are many other ways in which water plays a part in dispersing seeds. ScienceEdexcel International GCSE (9-1) Biology Student Book (Edexcel International GCSE (9-1))O Level Biology Multiple Choice Questions and Answers (MCQs)Oxford English: An International Approach Students'Modern Accountancy Vol Ii,2/EGCE O Level Examination Past Papers with . b Seeds. [3] No additives /preservatives Builds mother-child bond No cost/preparation Causes decline in uterus size Less painful Other people can feed baby May contain supplement vitamins and minerals DISADVANTAGES May be painful Mother must be present . #seeds #science #teachingI wrote this one for my elementary science classes to help them learn about seeds and seed dispersal.Purchase on iTunes: https://goo. 3 - Pesticides and herbicides- kill off weeds and bugs that are not wanted, allowing crops to grow larger and more rapidly. The seeds can germinate in an area far from its . germination, the sprouting of a seed, spore, or other reproductive body, usually after a period of dormancy. Dispersal of Seeds by Animals. Method # II. PLAY. This is an advantage, as the qualities borne by the parents are passed on to the offspring without any variation. This Workbook is intended to be used alongside the Cambridge IGCSE Biology Second edition Coursebook, and is fully endorsed by Cambridge. There are many vectors/modes of transportation of the seed from one place . 2. #110 Seed dispersal The flowers produce seeds which can be dispersed by the wind or other animals, providing a means of colonising new areas. Natural Methods. 6 UCLES 2015 0610/22/F/M/15 3 (a) Fig. 11 The root of the pea seedling is marked with equally spaced lines as shown here. Direct conversion also called plunge or direct cutover Black Monday effect. Label with a Y the special feature of the seed or fruit that helps in wind dispersal. See more fantastic resources made by SAVE MY EXAMS today! Plants growing near a river . Asexual Reproduction Definition. By dispersing the seeds over a large area, a parent plant gives the seeds a greater chance at finding space and untapped resources. The absorption of water, the passage of time, chilling, warming, oxygen availability, and light exposure may all operate in initiating the process. If this happens it will die. as shown here. Light wavelength; This is the distance between two - successive crests of a wavelength. Edexcel Igcse Biology Revision Notes Edexcel International GCSE Biology Student Book Second Edition-Erica. (c) Describe one method of seed dispersal that does not require animals. Reproduction in flowering plants may occur both sexually or asexually. what features of seeds and fruits have enabled - Lisbdnet.com Earthworms are more important as seed dispersers. . 27 Seed dispersal, fertilisation, seed germination and pollination are processes in plant reproduction. Plants disperse their seeds in lots of different ways. 198 Tropic responses Stems that form rhizomes (stems that grow Figure 14.30 Marking a root. Nutmeg is dispersed by birds. answer choices. The male flowers are found floating on the surface of the water. Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry (0620) Topic 01~04. Start studying Asexual, Sexual and Plant Reproduction (IGCSE). floating seeds for (seed) dispersal (carried on water) / reduce competition (from parent) . D seed dispersal ZZZ VDYHP\H[DPV FR XN 16. Topic 05~07. In this process, the female part of the plant has a very long pedicel. ref to benefits to, environment ; ref to more desirable, . It has a fibrous husk that makes it float. What proof the methods of implementation? State that seed and fruit dispersal by wind and by animals provides a means of colonising new areas . 10 The drawings show seeds or fruits of different plants. Seed Dispersal is a natural process, it is an adaptive mechanism that can be seen in all seed-bearing plants, it can be defined as a method by which seeds move away (or are transported away) from their parent plant in order to germinate and survive at a different place. 1. Topic 08~10. IGCSE Biology Semester 3. <p>It is light and has wing-like structure</p>. A stem tuber has several eyes on the surface. (B)Seed dispersal help to a produced variety of seeds i.e produced mixed population. Features of Asexual Reproduction - one parent only - no gametes formed - genetic material identical however external appearance may change due to environmental factors (ii) A leaflet describing the advantages of adding ethanol to petrol says: ethanol blended fuels can help to reduce the amount of dangerous chemicals in the atmosphere Name two dangerous chemicals which are emitted from car exhausts. The procedure involves the following simple steps: Wash the pollen grains using alcohol and place the sample on a microscope slide (also keep an unwashed sample) Add 50 percent glycerine to the sample and place under the stereo microscope for viewing. Nucleus of pollen enters ovule 7. . This pedicel helps the plant to reach the surface of the water. (b) What are the advantages to a plant of an effective method of seed dispersal? Revision Checklist for IGCSE Biology 0610 A guide for students How to use this guide The guide describes what you need to know about your IGSCE Biology examination. Level IGCSE Subject Biology (0610/0970) Exam Board Cambridge International Examinations (CIE) . 1. Seed dispersal - Biology Notes for IGCSE 2014 Figure 8.3. The different ways in which a plant self propagates are mentioned below: Plants such as ginger, onion, dahlia, potato, grow from the buds present on the surface of the stem. Therefore, the seeds are passed out in the animal's feces and into the soil. baked beans. Community: multiple populations (of different species) living and interacting in the same area. [2] (d) State two environmental conditions that seeds require so that they can germinate. The root of the pea seedling is marked with equally spaced lines . FREE CIE IGCSE Biology revision notes designed by teachers for the 0610 / 0970 syllabus. Discover the benefits of seed dispersal for reproductive success and the methods involving gravity, wind, water, animals, or humans. The three advantages that seeds offer to angiosperms are as follows: The seeds protect the embryo from harsh environmental conditions. Through fruit. Features of Asexual Reproduction - one parent only - no gametes formed - genetic material identical however external appearance may change due to environmental factors View 12 Reproduction Biology Notes IGCSE.pdf from BIOLOGY BIOL3040 at Boston College. The photo on the left is of a dandelion plant. It is light and has wing-like structure. CIE IGCSE BIOLOGY//0610 P AGE 26 OF 35 BREAST FEEDING BOTTLED MILK ADVANTAGES Has antibodies - no bacteria Nutrients- correct proportion Correct temp. The breeding stock obtained from asexual reproduction is used for the propagation of species in the future. Dispersal by Water. Seed dispersal. ADVANTAGES OF ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION to a species in the wild and crop production: . They may produce light seeds which . The process is more or less like cloning. Many are killed on the roads and development threatens their rainforest habitat. IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level syllabuses and some Ordinary Level . Updated: 01/06/2022 Create an account 13.38 FRUITS PROTECT AND DISPERSE SEEDS. [2] (e) Cassowaries are an endangered species. Seeds are formed inside the fruits and then dispersed. . Disadvantages. 3. (c) Describe one method of seed dispersal that does not require animals. International-gcse-9-1-biology-student-book-pdf-free.pdf. Seeds are a protective structure that lets a plant embryo survive for long periods of time before it germinates. Some plants make use of water to disperse their seeds. Sexual reproduction Advantages. Plants which grow beside water often rely on water to transport their seeds for them. [2] (d) State two environmental conditions that seeds require so that they can germinate. Pollen grain lands on stigma 2. One of the advantages of asexual reproduction is the production of breeding stock. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of breast-feeding compared with bottle-feeding using formula milk. Animals tend to travel, so the seeds have more chances of germinating in different areas. Topic 08~10. Describe three possible advantages of using foods prepared from mycoprotein as substitutes for animal products, such as meat. Many are killed on the roads and development threatens their rainforest habitat. DC (NF/CGW) 99153/3 UCLES 2015 [Turn over Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International . Seed dispersal Photo credit: russolab.unl.edu 1. 1 2 3 [3] STUDY. Two nuclei of gametes fuse = fertilisation Forming the zygote Each ovule in ovary . IGCSE Paper Type (Extended) Theory Paper . IGCSE Paper Type (Extended) Theory Paper www.igexams.com. Plants like water lily produce seeds whose seed coats trap air bubbles. This document consists of 19 printed pages and 1 blank page. Describe one method of seed dispersal that does not require animals. . They provide nourishment and parental care to the developing embryo. . Mycoprotein is a high-protein meat-substitute for vegetarians. Advantages of sexual reproduction are: Variation among offspring, and therefore more adaptable to a changing environment ; More likely to withstand disease ; In plants, seed dispersal reduces competition for nutrients as offspring will grow in a different environment; Disadvantages of sexual reproduction are: Requires the fusion of two gametes <p>It has hooks to hook onto the fur of animals</p>. IGCSE ICT Implementing a System ICT Lounge. includes seed structure, seed and fruit dispersal, ante-natal care to include comparison between breast and bottle . If test data . . Seed dispersal may be more effective from fruits on a long, vertical stem. In envelope to deplete this effectively . In biology, the word fruit has a very . Students may also place a healthy plant anther with pollen (without treating it with alcohol . (seed) dispersal ; colonization / able to adapt to change ; max 1 may need two plants / pollinating agent; 8 What are advantages of sexual and asexual reproduction? Solution. Dispersal by. IGCSE Paper Type (Extended) Theory Paper www.igexams.com. With those advantages, the seeds stand a much better chance at . There is seed dispersal; There is colonization; DISADVANTAGES OF SEXUAL REPRODUCTION TO AN ANIMAL SPECIES: In the process of seed germination, water is absorbed by the embryo, which results in the rehydration and expansion of the cells. Seeds are formed inside the fruits and then dispersed. Plant resemblance. 2. . alternatives. reduce spread of diseases. Describe one method of seed dispersal that does not require animals. type of reproduction in flowering plants advantages disadvantages asexual only one, parent / plant ; fast ; . Epihydrophily: This process of dispersal by water occurs on the surface of the water. Dispersal is necessary to: avoid overcrowding and competition for food and light with the parent plants. A fungus (Fusarium) is supplied with various nutrients (oxygen, glucose (energy), mineral salts and ammonia) for its growth and its temp is kept at the optimum of 30 degrees. Pollen grain germinates and forms pollen tube 3. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of breast-feeding compared with bottle-feeding using formula milk. Other seeds are very light so that they can be carried by the wind. 2. Use the information in Fig. Predators target areas which have a high concentration of seeds as they have to spend a lesser amount of time and energy. Then the cell divides into two, with each daughter cell containing a copy of the parental DNA. . Topic 11~13. Free PDF (link in description) Pearson Edexcel International AS Level Chemistry Student Book 1 . It also contains one matured ovary. Uploaded by. Advantages and disadvantages. An animal may eat the fruit and the seed, inside, is resistant to the digestive juices hence it passes out through faeces. In the asexual reproduction of plants, the new plants resemble exactly the parents from which they were produced. (b ) W hat are the advantages to a plant of an effective method of seed dispersal? However, these advantages are a product of a tall shoot rather than negative gravitropism. (i) Name the part of the flower that develops into the seed. Dispersal by Water: ADVERTISEMENTS: Dispersal by water is of great convenience in fruit trees growing by water-side. The danger is that the seed will run out of stored energy before it makes leaves. Fruits like coconut have fibrous mescocarp which is spongy to trap air, the trapped air make the fruit light and buoyant to float on water. 6.2 to explain the advantages of using predators, such as spiders, to control brown plant . Sexual reproduction in flowering plants including pollination, fertilisation, seed formation and dispersal. . 2. 12 Reproduction #106 Types of reproduction Reproduction is the process that makes more of the same kind of. Page 74 1. 1. Inside bacterium cell, the DNA replicates. Natural methods of asexual reproduction include self-propagation. Overview: the circulatory system is a series of connected tubes that link together the major organs of the body. 1. State an advantage of seed dispersal. Use the information in Fig. Topic 11~13. The asexual form of reproduction leads to prolific multiplication of organisms. Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry (0620) Topic 01~04. Long-day plants - require more than 12 hours of daylight to flower and seed. There are 4 levels of organisation within an ecosystem: Individual organism: a single member of a species. 40 Sexual Reproduction in Plants Mr. C Biology 14 January 15, 2014 This is the carrying of the seed as far as possible from the parent plant The methods of seed dispersal are: Wind Use parachutes or wings to help dispersal (dandelion, sycamore) There are 24 cards in the pack, made up of six sets of four cards. 2. The main stem now breaks and the plant laden with ripe fruits and seeds is rolled like a ball miles after miles by the strong wind. Bacteria reproduce asexually by binary fission. Seed dispersal by animals and wind 13.39 FRUITS ARE OVARIES AFTER FERTILISATION. Wind-dispersed seeds Fruits contain seeds, and usually have a parachute or a wing to help them be carried away from the parent plant by the . Pollination can take place with the help of agents : wind or insects. Maisha Islam. Once all relevant is direct cutover advantages and disadvantages less seed. The drawings show seeds or fruits of different plants. Plant Sexual ReproductionSperm carried in the pollen from the male part of a flower fuses with the egg in the female part of the flower. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Shortly . It can be used to help you to plan your revision programme for the theory examinations and will explain what the examiners are looking for in the answers you write. A plant can use any of two methods of seed dispersal. The disadvantage is that a large proportion of seeds may land in situations where they cannot grow. A dispersal fertilisation germination B dispersal germination fertilisation C fertilisation dispersal germination D germination fertilisation dispersal These will be Paper 1, one from either Paper 2 or Paper 3, and one . [2] (d) State two environmental conditions that seeds require so that they can germinate. Spore production in fungi. State that seed and fruit dispersal by wind and by animals provides a means of colonising new areas . (A)Seed dispersal is the best method to avoid competition because it allows plants to widespread and avoids competing with each other for the same food. c Neither. Some seeds have small hooks which stick to the fur of animals. Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test . It is seen in the Vallisneria plant. The heart pumps blood around these tubes in a double circulatory system. longleaf with charm to uniform seed dispersal. . It contains exercises that will help students to develop the skills needed to succeed in the Cambridge IGCSE Biology examination and invites students to match their Page 1/2 Day-neutral plants require 12 hours of daylight to flower and seed. Seeds and fruits are dispersed away from the parents plant. Pollen tube grows inside style down to ovary 4. Pollination: transfer of pollen grains from the male part of the plant (anther) to the female part (stigma). Population: a number of individuals of the same species living in the same area at the same time. The dispersal of the seeds to far-off places prevents competition among the members of the same species, thus preventing their . 2- chemical fertilisers - allows plants to grow more rapidly and to be larger. CHAPTER 13: REPRODUCTION 13.1 ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION PRODUCES . Also, it is possible to obtain several generations of a particular kind of plant with some special . Therefore there needs to be an effective dispersal method of the seeds. ref to benefits to, environment ; ref to more desirable, . These flowers then produce seeds which can be dispersed by either the wind or other animals. (a) From the appearance of the structures, make a guess at how each one is dispersed giving . continued to grow vertically. i)Sketch a seed or fruit that is adapted for dispersal by wind. [2] (e) Cassowaries are an endangered species. Ecosystem: the interaction between a . IGCSE BIOLOGY. Strawberries are just one fruit that scatters seeds through digestion and . the benefits and drawbacks of scientific and technological developments, including those . (e) Seed formation occurs after fertilisation. The pericarp and seed coat are waterproof. Latest IGCSE Biology Study notes/Revision notes valid for examinations upto 2023 syllabus , written strictly by Cambridge experts . Under favourable conditions, these eyes . The seed can remain dormant until conditions are suitable for the embryo to begin . 2. Identify the structures labelled P , Q , R and S . During this stage the seed must produce leaves so it can begin to photosynthesize. Cambridge IGCSE, Cambridge International A and AS Level and Cambridge Pre-U components, and . The air bubbles make the seeds float on water and are carried away. Asexual Reproduction Definition. Answer: The seeds of a blackberry are not digested by animals' digestive systems. IGCSE Biology Semester 3. Topic 05~07. Produces seeds which are dispersed Enters ovary through small hole = micropyle 5. Seeds are dropped all along this route. Modern machinery -makes growing and harvesting crops much faster and easier. The seeds are usually ejected by an elastic contraction of fruit tissue. PLAY. (a ) From the appearance of the structures, make a guess at how each one is dispersed giving reasons for your answers. V1 1Y07 Science Stage 9 16 fScheme of Work - Science stage 9 Unit 2A: 9.4 Sexual Reproduction and Flowering Plants In this unit, pupils build on their previous knowledge reproduction and plant growth to develop their knowledge of. Water Dispersal. This method involves a mechanical action that physically throws or shoots the seeds away from a seed pod. small and light fruits and seeds so they can float in the air and be readily blown by the wind [2] (d) State two environmental conditions that seeds require so that they can germinate. . The zygote will start to divide and eventually form a seed within the ovule; As different plants have different numbers of ovules, this explains why different fruits (which develop from the ovary . Advantages of seed formation in plants: Seeds provide a protective coat so that the embryo plant can develop when it finds a nice piece of soil. Cambridge IGCSE, Cambridge International A and AS Level and Cambridge Pre-U components, and . #110 Seed dispersal The flowers produce seeds which can be dispersed by the wind or other animals, . 11. reasons for your answers. The advantages of dispersal are (a) that the seedlings are less likely to compete with each other if the seeds are widely dispersed, (b) that new areas may be colonised. It has dry pods that split open. Wind dispersal depends on the fruit having wind or parachute like structure that allows it to float in air to be carried by wind to distant areas in order to spread the species. It is the production of genetically identical offspring from one parent.
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